A | 水是构成人体成分的重要物质并发挥着重要的生理作用，足量饮水是保障身体健康的基础，也能帮我们维持正常的身体活动和认知能力。近期，《美国国家科学院院刊》发布了一项惊人研究，揭示每升瓶装水中平均含有约24万个可检出的塑料微粒，并且，瓶装水在我们反复开关以及高温暴晒的条件下会使水中含有更多的微塑料。
B |
Former President Donald Trump pleaded not guilty to criminal charges related to his involvement in a sweeping scheme to overturn the 2020 presidential election results in Georgia and waived his right to appear at an arraignment scheduled for next week.
“Understanding my rights, I do hereby freely and voluntarily waive my right to be present at my
arraignment on the Indictment and my right to have it read to me in open court,” the former president said in the court filing presented on Thursday.
The arraignment is set for the morning of Sept. 6 at Fulton County Superior Court in Atlanta.
Earlier this month, Trump and 18 of his closest allies were accused in a 41-count indictment brought by Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis of coordinating a racketeering scheme, which involved spreading conspiracy theories, pressuring elected officials and propping up fake electors to overturn the 2020 presidential election results in Georgia in a desperate effort to remain in power despite having lost the presidency in a free and fair vote.
The indictment marks the fourth set of criminal charges against Trump, who now faces a cumulative 91 felony counts in New York state court for hush money payments to porn star Stormy Daniels, in federal court in Florida where he’s been accused of mishandling classified documents, and in federal court in the District of Columbia in connection with efforts to prevent the peaceful transfer of power and incite a violent insurrection at the Capitol and in Georgia.
Trump has pleaded not guilty to all charges and denied wrongdoing in all the cases against him. He continues to repeat unfounded claims that the 2020 presidential election was “rigged and stolen” and that the indictments that followed amount to a witch hunt and election interference. In reality, Trump lost the general election to Biden, and, in Georgia specifically, he lost by some 11,779 votes.
Trump faces 13 criminal charges in Georgia, the most serious of which is violating the state’s Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, known as RICO. That charge alone carries a minimum prison sentence of five years and a maximum sentence of 20 years. Trump also faces a slew of fraud and forgery charges.
Trump, the current front-runner in the GOP presidential primary race, was booked on Aug. 24. The conditions for his release included a $200,000 bond and strict conditions on his social media use. Among other things, he must not violate any laws in Georgia or elsewhere, he must appear in court as directed, he must not communicate about the facts of the case with fellow co-defendants – except through his legal team – and he must not intimidate co-defendants or witnesses.
Willis asked the overseeing Trump’s case, Judge Scott McAfee, to expedite the cases of all 19 defendants, but McAfee has not yet set a date for his trial.
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C | 这些纳米级的塑料颗粒能够进入我们的肠道或肺部细胞，进而穿越血液，抵达心脏和大脑，甚至对孕妇而言，它们能穿越胎盘，进入胎儿体内。 那么，面对这样的污染，我们如何保障自己的饮水安全呢？把水烧开能否有效降低微塑料的含量呢？ 1.微塑料对人体有什么危害？ 微塑料是指直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，更小尺寸的还有微米、纳米级的微塑料，因此它也被统称为微纳塑料（MNPs）。微塑料来源于生产和生活，如汽车轮胎与路面摩擦、化妆品成分、洗衣废水以及塑料垃圾在陆地和海洋漂流中碰撞、分解等，都会产生大量微塑料。 随着研究的深入，目前微塑料的概念已经扩大到从纳米到毫米的范畴（1毫米等于1000微米；1微米等于1000纳米），而且是形状多样的非均匀塑料颗粒混合体，肉眼难以分辨。微塑料对人体健康的潜在影响：包括可能诱发氧化应激、促进炎症、内分泌紊乱和代谢紊乱等，从而增加多种疾病发生风险。 2.把水烧开是一种简单有效降低微塑料含量的方法 近期关于瓶装水中微塑料的研究结果令人震惊，这让我们不得不重新审视我们的饮水习惯。对于大多数家庭来说，把水烧开是一种简单且有效的杀菌方法。 关于微塑料，烧开水确实能在一定程度上降低其含量。当水被烧开时，微塑料颗粒会与水中的碳酸钙结合，形成沉淀物。通过简单的过滤，我们可以去除高达84%的微塑料。
D | 因此，把水烧开再喝，确实是一个降低微塑料摄入的有效方法。 当水被加热至沸腾时，微塑料颗粒由于密度和大小的差异，会与水中的其他物质发生分离，一部分会沉淀到水底。
E | 因此，在烧开水之后，如果条件允许，我们可以使用过滤器或纱布进行简单的过滤，进一步减少水中的微塑料颗粒。 3.如何保证饮水安全？ （1）选择质量好的瓶装水：购买瓶装水时，注意查看产品标签和认证信息，选择有质量保证的品牌。避免购买来源不明或价格过于低廉的瓶装水。
F | （2）定期更换水壶和水杯：即使是高质量的水壶和水杯，长期使用也可能磨损，导致微塑料产生。建议定期更换，保持清洁。 （3）安装家用净水器：安装家用净水器可以有效去除水中的杂质和微塑料颗粒，提供更安全的饮用水。 （4）使用不锈钢或玻璃材质水壶：烧水更安全，因为这些材质不易释放微塑料颗粒。
G | 所以，我们要尽量避免使用塑料水壶，尤其是在高温下，塑料中的化学物质可能会加速分解，增加微塑料的风险。减塑降碳。
H | 图源：卡乐图片（摄影/宁颖） 4.减少微塑料摄入的生活小妙招 科学家建议，由于微塑料主要通过饮食和器具进入人体，一些生活方式也有助于减少微塑料的摄入。 （1）尽量减少选用预包装食品，特别是加工程度非常高的食品。
I | 每一个加工过程都可能会增加食品当中微塑料的含量，尽可能吃一些原型的食物，同时减少塑料容器包装的食品摄入。 （2）平时不食用动物、鱼类的内脏。海洋本身就存在着微塑料的污染，鱼类以及海产品长期生活在这个环境中，所含的微塑料就会更高，经常食用海鲜或者深海鱼，摄入微塑料的含量也会增多。 （3）减少外卖和快餐的摄入。外卖和快餐包装中常含有大量塑料，不仅可能产生微塑料，还可能含有其他有害物质。尽量自己做饭，既健康又环保。 （4）不粘锅出现划痕后尽量不要再用。大多数不粘锅的不粘涂层通常是聚四氟乙烯，也就是特氟龙，属于一种合成塑料。当炊具表面和硬物之间有强烈磨损时，可能会形成微小的聚四氟乙烯颗粒，然后污染食物被人类摄食。别用不粘锅烹调质地坚硬的食物，比如排骨，不使用尖锐的铲子，并定期更换新锅。
